Persistent Depressive Disorder
Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) is chronic depression lasting two years or more, with less intense but long-lasting symptoms.
Symptoms
Low mood most days, low energy, poor self-esteem, difficulty with decisions, hopelessness, and sleep or appetite changes.
Causes and risk
Chronic stress, early adversity, genetics, and co-occurring anxiety or medical illness.
How it is evaluated
Symptom timeline, prior treatments, daily functioning, and screening for overlapping major depressive episodes.
Treatment
Therapy (CBT or interpersonal), medication, and structured daily routines with consistent follow-up.