Warts
Warts (verruca vulgaris) are benign HPV-driven skin growths, managed per the Cochrane Skin Group systematic review.
Symptoms
Rough, raised, skin-colored or gray bumps, often with tiny black dots (thrombosed capillaries), most common on the hands and feet; they are usually painless unless on a pressure-bearing area like the sole.
Causes and risk
Human papillomavirus, spread by direct contact or shared surfaces; skin trauma, nail-biting, and immunocompromise all raise susceptibility. Warts often resolve on their own -- about 30% by 6 months and 60% by 2 years.
How it is evaluated
Diagnosis is clinical; dermoscopy helps distinguish warts from corns or calluses, and any changing growth should be evaluated to exclude look-alike conditions.
Treatment
Salicylic acid and cryotherapy are the best-supported first-line treatments with comparable, modest efficacy, per the Cochrane review; combining the two may improve clearance for hand warts.
When to seek care
Signs of infection, a wart that is rapidly changing or atypical in appearance, or foot warts in someone with diabetes should be evaluated by a clinician rather than treated at home.