Body Dysmorphic Disorder
BDD involves preoccupation with perceived appearance flaws that others do not notice, causing significant distress.
Symptoms
Mirror checking or avoidance, excessive grooming, reassurance seeking, appearance comparison, and social withdrawal.
Causes and risk
Genetics, childhood bullying, perfectionism, and co-occurring OCD or depression.
How it is evaluated
Nature and severity of appearance concerns, daily impact, avoidance behaviors, and related condition screening.
Treatment
CBT with ERP is first-line. SSRIs are effective. Cosmetic procedures rarely resolve BDD.